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时态与被动语态讲义 过去完成时的被动语态( 二 )

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据说大楼将于九月前竣工 。
This class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer.
到明年夏天 ， 布朗先生在这两个班执教已有两年了 。
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态
Water mustn't be wasted. 绝不能浪费水 。
Electric energy can be changed into light enery.
电能可以转变成光能 。
Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down.
过马路时要特别小心 ， 要往两边看 ， 不然会被撞倒 。
3. Get+过去分词构成的被动语态
Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态 ， 用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身 。如：
The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了 。
Mary is going to get married. 玛丽准备结婚了 。
How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
4. 短语动词的被动语态
(1) 动词+介词
This matter has been talked about recently.
这件事近来一直被谈论着 。
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
这样的事从未被听说过 。
The old man was looked after carefully. 那位老人被精心照顾着 。
He has never been listened to. 人家从不听他的话 。
(2) 动词+副词
The sports meeting was put off. 运动会被推迟了 。
A short play will be put on by them at the party.
一个短剧将要由他们在晚会上演出 。
What he said must be thought over. 他说的话必须仔细思考 。
(3) 其他短语动词
Privileges must be done away with. 特权必须被取消 。
The light has just been turned off. 灯刚被关上 。
Their plans are being carried out. 他们的计划正在执行中 。
5. “主+动+宾+宾补”句型变为被动结构
这种句型有两个宾语 ， 一般地说一为间接宾语 ， 一为直接宾语 。变为被动结构时 ， 只将主动结构中的一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语 ， 另一宾语不变 。
We call him Xiao Wang. 我们叫他小王 。（主动句）
He was called Xiao Wang. 他被叫做小王 。（被动句）
He painted the table green. 他把桌子漆成了绿色 。（主动句）
The table was painted green. 桌子被漆成了绿色 。（被动句）
6. “主+动+that从句”句型的被动句
有些以that从句作宾语的主动句可以转换成两种形式的被动句 。如：
People say that he is the richest man in the city.
人们说他是全市头号富翁 。
→It is said that he is the richest man in the city.
据说他是全市头号富翁 。
→He is said to be the richest man in the city.
据说他是全市头号富翁 。
当说话人认为主动句的主语无关紧要 ， 或者不清楚谁是谓语动作的发出者时 ， 便常常使用上述形式的被动句 。如：
It was reported that the boy had been found.
据报道 ， 男孩已被找到 。
The boy was reported to have been found.
据报道 ， 男孩已被找到 。
常用于上述被动句型的动词有：acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, declare, estimate, expect, find, know, presume, report, say, think等 。
7. 含有被动意义的主动语态
英语中有一些表示被动意义的主动句 ， 其谓语所表示的不是主语的动作 ， 而是其内在的性能 。这种句子的特点是：主语为无生命名词 ， 谓语动词为一般现在时；肯定句必须带方式状语；否定句的谓语可以带情态动词 。如：
She is to blame. 她应该受到责备 。
The house is to rent. 这个房子要出租 。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物放在冰箱里能保鲜 。

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